IGCSE Physics Formula Sheet Template

IGCSE 物理全部核心公式、单位与常量已经填好——勾掉不需要的条目，直接导出 PNG，也可以让 AI 换一种排版。

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igcse-physics

Motion & Forces

Speedv=d/tv: speed (m/s) · d: distance (m) · t: time (s)
Accelerationa=Δv/ta: acceleration (m/s²) · Δv: change in velocity (m/s) · t: time taken (s)
Velocity–displacement relationv²=u²+2asu: initial velocity (m/s) · v: final velocity (m/s) · a: acceleration (m/s²) · s: distance (m)
Distance (uniform acceleration)s=ut+½at²s: distance (m) · u: initial velocity (m/s) · t: time (s) · a: acceleration (m/s²)
ForceF=maF: force (N) · m: mass (kg) · a: acceleration (m/s²)
WeightW=mgW: weight (N) · m: mass (kg) · g: gravitational field strength (N/kg)
Hooke's lawF=kxF: force (N) · k: spring constant (N/m) · x: extension (m)
Moment of a forceMoment=F×dF: force (N) · d: perpendicular distance from the pivot (m)

Momentum & Energy

Momentump=mvp: momentum (kg·m/s) · m: mass (kg) · v: velocity (m/s)
ImpulseF×t=ΔpF: force (N) · t: time (s) · Δp: change in momentum (kg·m/s)
Work doneW=F×dW: work done (J) · F: force (N) · d: distance moved in the direction of the force (m)
Kinetic energyKE=½mv²KE: kinetic energy (J) · m: mass (kg) · v: velocity (m/s)
Gravitational potential energyPE=mghPE: potential energy (J) · m: mass (kg) · g: gravitational field strength (N/kg) · h: height (m)
PowerP=W/tP: power (W) · W: work done or energy transferred (J) · t: time (s)
Efficiency(useful output/total input)×100%useful output may be energy or power, in the same unit as the input

Thermal Physics

Specific heat capacityΔE=mcΔTΔE: thermal energy change (J) · m: mass (kg) · c: specific heat capacity (J/(kg·°C)) · ΔT: temperature change (°C)
Specific latent heatE=mLE: thermal energy (J) · m: mass (kg) · L: specific latent heat (J/kg)
Boyle's lawP₁V₁=P₂V₂P: pressure (Pa) · V: volume (m³) · valid only at constant temperature
Kelvin conversionT(K)=θ(°C)+273T: temperature in kelvin · θ: temperature in degrees Celsius

Waves & Optics

Wave equationv=fλv: wave speed (m/s) · f: frequency (Hz) · λ: wavelength (m)
PeriodT=1/fT: period (s) · f: frequency (Hz)
Snell's lawn=sin i/sin rn: refractive index · i: angle of incidence · r: angle of refraction
Critical anglesin c=1/nc: critical angle · n: refractive index

Electricity

ChargeQ=I×tQ: charge (C) · I: current (A) · t: time (s)
VoltageV=W/QV: voltage (V) · W: work done or energy (J) · Q: charge (C)
Ohm's lawV=IRV: voltage (V) · I: current (A) · R: resistance (Ω)
Resistors in seriesR_total=R₁+R₂+…total resistance is the sum of every resistor in the chain
Resistors in parallel1/R_total=1/R₁+1/R₂+…take the reciprocal of each resistance, then invert the sum
Electrical powerP=IV=I²R=V²/RP: power (W) · I: current (A) · V: voltage (V) · R: resistance (Ω)
Electrical energyE=P×t=VItE: energy (J) · P: power (W) · t: time (s)
Transformer equationVp/Vs=Np/NsVp, Vs: primary / secondary voltage · Np, Ns: primary / secondary turns · ideal (100% efficient) transformer

Density & Pressure

Densityρ=m/Vρ: density (kg/m³) · m: mass (kg) · V: volume (m³)
PressureP=F/AP: pressure (Pa) · F: force (N) · A: area (m²)
Pressure in a liquidP=ρghP: pressure (Pa) · ρ: density of the liquid (kg/m³) · g: gravitational field strength (N/kg) · h: depth (m)

Constants

Gravitational field strength (Earth)g≈10N/kguse the value printed in the question when one is given (9.8 N/kg is the precise value)
Speed of lightc≈3×10⁸m/sspeed of light in a vacuum
Absolute zero0K=−273°Cthe temperature at which particle motion is at a minimum

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igcse-physics

IGCSE Physics Formula Sheet Template

Motion & Forces

Speedv=d/tv: speed (m/s) · d: distance (m) · t: time (s)
Accelerationa=Δv/ta: acceleration (m/s²) · Δv: change in velocity (m/s) · t: time taken (s)
Velocity–displacement relationv²=u²+2asu: initial velocity (m/s) · v: final velocity (m/s) · a: acceleration (m/s²) · s: distance (m)
Distance (uniform acceleration)s=ut+½at²s: distance (m) · u: initial velocity (m/s) · t: time (s) · a: acceleration (m/s²)
ForceF=maF: force (N) · m: mass (kg) · a: acceleration (m/s²)
WeightW=mgW: weight (N) · m: mass (kg) · g: gravitational field strength (N/kg)
Hooke's lawF=kxF: force (N) · k: spring constant (N/m) · x: extension (m)
Moment of a forceMoment=F×dF: force (N) · d: perpendicular distance from the pivot (m)

Momentum & Energy

Momentump=mvp: momentum (kg·m/s) · m: mass (kg) · v: velocity (m/s)
ImpulseF×t=ΔpF: force (N) · t: time (s) · Δp: change in momentum (kg·m/s)
Work doneW=F×dW: work done (J) · F: force (N) · d: distance moved in the direction of the force (m)
Kinetic energyKE=½mv²KE: kinetic energy (J) · m: mass (kg) · v: velocity (m/s)
Gravitational potential energyPE=mghPE: potential energy (J) · m: mass (kg) · g: gravitational field strength (N/kg) · h: height (m)
PowerP=W/tP: power (W) · W: work done or energy transferred (J) · t: time (s)
Efficiency(useful output/total input)×100%useful output may be energy or power, in the same unit as the input

Thermal Physics

Specific heat capacityΔE=mcΔTΔE: thermal energy change (J) · m: mass (kg) · c: specific heat capacity (J/(kg·°C)) · ΔT: temperature change (°C)
Specific latent heatE=mLE: thermal energy (J) · m: mass (kg) · L: specific latent heat (J/kg)
Boyle's lawP₁V₁=P₂V₂P: pressure (Pa) · V: volume (m³) · valid only at constant temperature
Kelvin conversionT(K)=θ(°C)+273T: temperature in kelvin · θ: temperature in degrees Celsius

Waves & Optics

Wave equationv=fλv: wave speed (m/s) · f: frequency (Hz) · λ: wavelength (m)
PeriodT=1/fT: period (s) · f: frequency (Hz)
Snell's lawn=sin i/sin rn: refractive index · i: angle of incidence · r: angle of refraction
Critical anglesin c=1/nc: critical angle · n: refractive index

Electricity

ChargeQ=I×tQ: charge (C) · I: current (A) · t: time (s)
VoltageV=W/QV: voltage (V) · W: work done or energy (J) · Q: charge (C)
Ohm's lawV=IRV: voltage (V) · I: current (A) · R: resistance (Ω)
Resistors in seriesR_total=R₁+R₂+…total resistance is the sum of every resistor in the chain
Resistors in parallel1/R_total=1/R₁+1/R₂+…take the reciprocal of each resistance, then invert the sum
Electrical powerP=IV=I²R=V²/RP: power (W) · I: current (A) · V: voltage (V) · R: resistance (Ω)
Electrical energyE=P×t=VItE: energy (J) · P: power (W) · t: time (s)
Transformer equationVp/Vs=Np/NsVp, Vs: primary / secondary voltage · Np, Ns: primary / secondary turns · ideal (100% efficient) transformer

Density & Pressure

Densityρ=m/Vρ: density (kg/m³) · m: mass (kg) · V: volume (m³)
PressureP=F/AP: pressure (Pa) · F: force (N) · A: area (m²)
Pressure in a liquidP=ρghP: pressure (Pa) · ρ: density of the liquid (kg/m³) · g: gravitational field strength (N/kg) · h: depth (m)

Constants

Gravitational field strength (Earth)g≈10N/kguse the value printed in the question when one is given (9.8 N/kg is the precise value)
Speed of lightc≈3×10⁸m/sspeed of light in a vacuum
Absolute zero0K=−273°Cthe temperature at which particle motion is at a minimum

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完整清单

这份速查表的全部模块与条目清单。

Motion & Forces

8 条

Speedv=d/tv: speed (m/s) · d: distance (m) · t: time (s)
Accelerationa=Δv/ta: acceleration (m/s²) · Δv: change in velocity (m/s) · t: time taken (s)
Velocity–displacement relationv²=u²+2asu: initial velocity (m/s) · v: final velocity (m/s) · a: acceleration (m/s²) · s: distance (m)
Distance (uniform acceleration)s=ut+½at²s: distance (m) · u: initial velocity (m/s) · t: time (s) · a: acceleration (m/s²)
ForceF=maF: force (N) · m: mass (kg) · a: acceleration (m/s²)
WeightW=mgW: weight (N) · m: mass (kg) · g: gravitational field strength (N/kg)
Hooke's lawF=kxF: force (N) · k: spring constant (N/m) · x: extension (m)
Moment of a forceMoment=F×dF: force (N) · d: perpendicular distance from the pivot (m)

Momentum & Energy

7 条

Momentump=mvp: momentum (kg·m/s) · m: mass (kg) · v: velocity (m/s)
ImpulseF×t=ΔpF: force (N) · t: time (s) · Δp: change in momentum (kg·m/s)
Work doneW=F×dW: work done (J) · F: force (N) · d: distance moved in the direction of the force (m)
Kinetic energyKE=½mv²KE: kinetic energy (J) · m: mass (kg) · v: velocity (m/s)
Gravitational potential energyPE=mghPE: potential energy (J) · m: mass (kg) · g: gravitational field strength (N/kg) · h: height (m)
PowerP=W/tP: power (W) · W: work done or energy transferred (J) · t: time (s)
Efficiency(useful output/total input)×100%useful output may be energy or power, in the same unit as the input

Thermal Physics

4 条

Specific heat capacityΔE=mcΔTΔE: thermal energy change (J) · m: mass (kg) · c: specific heat capacity (J/(kg·°C)) · ΔT: temperature change (°C)
Specific latent heatE=mLE: thermal energy (J) · m: mass (kg) · L: specific latent heat (J/kg)
Boyle's lawP₁V₁=P₂V₂P: pressure (Pa) · V: volume (m³) · valid only at constant temperature
Kelvin conversionT(K)=θ(°C)+273T: temperature in kelvin · θ: temperature in degrees Celsius

Waves & Optics

4 条

Wave equationv=fλv: wave speed (m/s) · f: frequency (Hz) · λ: wavelength (m)
PeriodT=1/fT: period (s) · f: frequency (Hz)
Snell's lawn=sin i/sin rn: refractive index · i: angle of incidence · r: angle of refraction
Critical anglesin c=1/nc: critical angle · n: refractive index

Electricity

8 条

ChargeQ=I×tQ: charge (C) · I: current (A) · t: time (s)
VoltageV=W/QV: voltage (V) · W: work done or energy (J) · Q: charge (C)
Ohm's lawV=IRV: voltage (V) · I: current (A) · R: resistance (Ω)
Resistors in seriesR_total=R₁+R₂+…total resistance is the sum of every resistor in the chain
Resistors in parallel1/R_total=1/R₁+1/R₂+…take the reciprocal of each resistance, then invert the sum
Electrical powerP=IV=I²R=V²/RP: power (W) · I: current (A) · V: voltage (V) · R: resistance (Ω)
Electrical energyE=P×t=VItE: energy (J) · P: power (W) · t: time (s)
Transformer equationVp/Vs=Np/NsVp, Vs: primary / secondary voltage · Np, Ns: primary / secondary turns · ideal (100% efficient) transformer

Density & Pressure

3 条

Densityρ=m/Vρ: density (kg/m³) · m: mass (kg) · V: volume (m³)
PressureP=F/AP: pressure (Pa) · F: force (N) · A: area (m²)
Pressure in a liquidP=ρghP: pressure (Pa) · ρ: density of the liquid (kg/m³) · g: gravitational field strength (N/kg) · h: depth (m)

Constants

3 条

Gravitational field strength (Earth)g≈10N/kguse the value printed in the question when one is given (9.8 N/kg is the precise value)
Speed of lightc≈3×10⁸m/sspeed of light in a vacuum
Absolute zero0K=−273°Cthe temperature at which particle motion is at a minimum

什么是 IGCSE Physics？

这张表把 IGCSE 物理（Cambridge 0625 与 Edexcel）的核心公式收进一页：运动与力、动量与能量、热学、波与光学、电学、密度与压强。每个条目都附带公式中各符号的单位，方便同时核对关系式与代入量。

失分最多的两件事这张表替你做不了：公式变形和单位换算。考前练熟「从公式里解出任意一个变量」（如 v=d/t 变形为 d=vt），以及词头换算（km→m、分钟→秒）。

常量在页面底部。Cambridge 和 Edexcel 通常会在题目中给出 g 的取值（约 10 N/kg）；题目给了就用题面给的值。

常见问题

这张表覆盖了所有 IGCSE 物理公式吗？

覆盖 Cambridge IGCSE Physics（0625）与 Edexcel International GCSE 共有的核心公式——运动与力、动量与能量、热学、波、光学、电学与压强。三科或拓展卷可能多几条（如理想气体方程 pV=nRT），请对照考纲清单核对。

g 应该取多少？

地表重力场强约 9.8 N/kg；多数 IGCSE 试卷为方便计算会写明取 10 N/kg。题目给定了取值时，一律用题面给的。

哪些公式还需要背？

各考试局有的卷子附公式表、有的不附——但即使公式给了，单位、词头（milli、kilo、mega）和公式变形也必须自己记。失分大多在这些地方，而不是公式本身。

可以免费导出 PNG 吗？

可以。所有内容已填好——取消勾选不需要的条目，选一个风格，免费导出 PNG；也可以让 AI 基于同样的内容换一种排版。

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